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Positive Reinforcement
Postive reinforcers are dependent upon a stimulus immediately following a response that increases the probability that
the rate of the response will increase.
The younger in age of the student or the lower developmental level of the student, the immediacy of the reinforcer
is paramount. Increased latency for increasing age and development levels.
Token economies are often the most popular positive reinforcement program in schools, especially elementary schools.
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Negative Reinforcement
Negative reinforcers are dependent upon the removal of a stimulus immediately following a response that increases
the probablilty that the rate of the response will increase.
Negative reinforcement is NOT punishment.
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Token Economies
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Are a Symbolic Reinforcement System
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Should be something the student can see, touch, feel
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Students must be able to exchange tokens for real reinforcers
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Students should obtain tokens only from teacher
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Students must be 'walked' through the system to make sure they understand it
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Teachers need to respect students 'buying habits' with their tokens
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Each student should have at least 1 token at buying time
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Each student should be have the opportunity to exchange his or her tokens
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NO CANDY
Example of a Token System in a High School
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